Botany

Words commonly misspelt 1

Words commonly misspelt 2

Words commonly misspelt 3

Prefix and suffix 1

prefix and suffix 2

prefix and suffix 3

Synonyms and antonyms 1

Synonyms and antonyms 3

Synonyms and antonyms 4

Substitution of words 1

Substitution of words 2

Substitution of words 3

Pronunciation of scientific names 1

Pronunciation of scientific names 2

Pronunciation of scientific names3

Tenses 1

Tenses 2

Tenses 3

Tenses 4

Tenses 5

Tenses 6

Sentense correction 1

Sentense correction 2

Sentense completion 3

Sentense completion 4

Albugo 1

Albugo 2

Saccharomyces 1

Saccharomyces 2

Saccharomyces 3

Agaricus 1

Agaricus 2

Cercospora 1

Cercospora 2

Cercospora 3

Lichen

Characteristics of Algae 2

Classification of Algae 3

Harmful effects of Algae

Algal Blooms

Course content Experiments1-11

Laboratory precautions, Cleaning and Handling of glassware 1

Laboratory precautions, Cleaning and Handling of glassware 2

Sterilization - moist heat 1

Sterilization - moist heat 2

Sterilization - moist heat and Dry heat

Sterilization- radiation

Sterilization - Chemicals

Nutrient Medium- Broth 1

Nutrient Medium- Broth 2

Potato Dextrose Medium

Kuster's Agar

Isolation of microorganism

Colony forming unit

Culture methods – spreadplate – pour plate – streak plate – stab – slant culture

Spread plate technique

Pour Plate technique

Streak plate technique 1

Streak plate technique 2

Simple staining

Gram staining

Isolation ofAzotobacter

Isolation of Rhizobia

Azospirillum

Effect of Biofertilizers on plant growth

Plant Diseases

Guidelines for Diagnosing Plant Problems

Simple & gram staining 1

Simple & grams staining 2

Isolation of rhizobium 1

Isolation of rhizobium 2

Isolation of phytopathogen from infected seeds / plant parts 1

Isolation of phytopathogen from infected seeds / plant parts 2

Mitochondria 1

Mitochondria 2

Plastids

Chloroplast

Microbodies

Plant cell & its parts

Ultrastructure of Cell Wall

Chemical Composition of Cell Wall

Plasmodesmata pit 1

Plasmodesmata pit 2

various models for membrane structure

Cytosol- physical & chemical properties

Origin of Nucleus

Various parts of Nucleus 1

Ecosystem

Trees - Poem

How Fear Came - Poem

The Silent Spring - Audiobook

Environment

ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND ASSOCIATED CONCEPTS

Ecosystem – Biosphere

Ecosystem – Biosphere

Ecosystem – Biosphere

Ecosystem – Biosphere

Diversity – Keystone Species

Energy flow-Growth and Development – Regulation

INTRODUCTION TO ECO-LITERATURE

Shades of Nature

ECO-CRITICISM IN LITERATURE/ ECO-LITERARY CONCEPTS

Physical environment – biological diversity

Habitat modification

Global environmental culture

Pollution and Climate Change

Ultra structure of bacterial cell

- Gram +ve & Gram –ve

Staining – mechanism of staining, Simple, Differential (Gram stain & Acid- fast) Negative staining, Endospore staining

Bacterial growth- continuous & synchronous culture 1

Bacterial growth- continuous & synchronous culture 2

Factors affecting growth

Determination of bacterial growth

Direct method - Haemocytometer 1

Direct method - Haemocytometer 2

Indirect method – Turbidity 2

Motility-hanging drop technique 1

Motility-hanging drop technique 2

Sanitizer – ideal disinfectant 1

Mechanism of action and application of Physical agent

UV, gamma rays and filtration

Chemical agents (Phenol, Alcohol, Halogens, Mercuric chloride& Formaldehyde

History of Microbes

Robert Hooke and Antony Van Leeuwenhoek: Microbiology

Alexander Fleming and Edward Jenner:Microbiology

The Great History of Louis Pasteur in Tamil Short Story 2019

Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister: Microbiology

Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch: Microbiology

Koch's Postulates: Microbiology

General Characteristics of Microbes

Characteristics of Cyanobacteria

Characteristics of Mycoplasma

Characteristics of Virus

Structure of viruses

How viruses work?

Baltimore classification of Viruses

Lytic and lysogenic cycle of a temperate bacteriophage

MICROBIAL DISEASES OF CROPS

Causative organism, Transmission (Direct and indirect methods)

Bacterial disease: Citrus canker

Fungal disease: Tikka disease of groundnut

Viral disease: Tobacco mosaic.

Algal disease: Red rust of Guava

PLANT PROTECTION Exclusion, eradication, chemical methods, immunization

Exclusion, eradication, chemical methods, immunization

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Biopesticides (Bacterial, Fungal and Viral),

Biological control of weeds

Introduction to Biofertilizer

Nonsymbiotic Nitrogen Fixer

Biopesticide

Apical cell & Tunica carpus theories

Structure and functions of epidermis

abnormal behaviour of cambium

accessory cambium

extra stelar cambium

scattered vascular bundles

medullary

secondary growth in Monocots – Dracaena

Stomatal Types

Hydathode

Trichomes

Secretory Tissues

Anatomical adaptations of Hydrophytes

Anatomical adaptations of Xerophytes

Anatomical adaptations of Mesophytes

Anatomical adaptations of Halophytes

Plant Classification

Dicotyledons-tree

Strychnos potatorum

Ficus bengalensis

Climber- Jasminum ariculatum

strobilanthus kunthiyana

Nelumbium speciosum

Azadiracta indica

Bambusa arundinacea

santalum album

piper nigrum

ipomea

luffa aegyptica

lablab purpureus

cynodon dactylon

Tribulus terrestris

cassia auriculata

algae

Mushroom

Rice

Banana

Drug Adulteration

UV spectrophotometric analysis

Zingiber officinale Roscoe(Ginger)

Alpinia officinarum Hance (Chitharathai),

Acorus calamus L. (Vasambu),

Curcuma longa L.(Turmeric

Allium cepa(Onion),

Allium sativum L.(Garlic),

Glycyrrhiza glabra L(Athimathuram).link, PDF

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Vembu),

Adhatoda vasica Nees .(Adathoda)

Eucalyptus globulus Labill( Eucalyptus)

Solanum trilobatum Linn (Thoothuvalai)

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L (Semparuthi)

Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Gooseberry)

Piper nigrum Linn. (Pepper)

Piper longum L (Thipili)

Biological method

Lycopodium spore method

Standardization of drugs (GMP & GAP)

Fats, oils & Lipids: Properties for identification of castor oil, sesame oil and volatile oils

Glycosides: Classification of glycerides

Tannins – Properties and classification – FeCl3 test; Gelatin test.

Alkaloids – properties and classification – Wagner’s reagent; Dragendorff’s reagent

Flavanoids – Lead acetate solution test; Alkali test

Collection and preparation of dried powder of selected medicinal plants

Extraction of secondary metabolites using the dried powder with soxhlet extraction using selected solvents.

Research – Definition, Characteristics

Types of research-Pure, Applied, Action,

Inductive and Deductive research

Types and maintenance of catalogues

Modern developments in library science

Microfiche, Microfilm

E –Journals.

Scientific research

Collection of data

Survey and case study,research design

Interviews, Questionnaires

Classification of data and Tabulation of data 1

Classification of data and Tabulation of data 2

Sources.Selection & Evaluation

Preparation of Research Proposal

Preparation of Research Report 1

Preparation of Research Report 2

Plagiarism 2

Mean

Median

Mode

Temperature

Turbidity

pH

Acidity

Alkalinity

Dissolved oxygen

CO meter

Co meter testing

Quadrat

Line transect

Food Spoilage

Quality of milk

Procedure

Bacteriological Analysis of water

Bacteriological Analysis of water

Crowded Plate Technique

Crowded Plate Technique

Kirby Bauer Test

Starcg Hydrolysis Test

Blood Grouping

Grouping of blood

Bombay blood group 1

Bombay blood group 2

Golden blood-Rh Null 1

Golden blood-Rh Null 2

PALAEOBOTANY

General classification of geological time scale

Fossils-Introduction

Fossils Formation andTypes

Dating of fossils-Carbon dating

Rocks as a source of plant fossils

Rocks as a source of plant fossils

Psilotales - Rhynia

Lepidodendrales- Lepidodendron

Cycadofilicales-Lyginoptera 2

Origin of basic biological molecules

Genetical evidences of evolution

Elemental forces of evolution 1

Elemental forces of evolution 2

Gene pool, gene frequency 1

Gene pool, gene frequency 2

Hardy-Weinberg law

Migration and random genetic drift 2

Adaptive radiation and modifications

Isolating mechanisms

Speciation

Allopatricity and sympatricity 1

Allopatricity and sympatricity 2

Definition

Branches of Ecology 1

Branches of Ecology 2

Scope

Scope

Historical background 1

Historical background 2

special focus on Indian ecosystem

abiotic and biotic components of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem,

Ecological pyramids

Food chain

Food chain and Food web

Energy flow

Classification of climate

Topography

Edaphic factor

effects of the factors on plants at optimal and supra optimal levels.

Characteristics and structure of communities 1

Characteristics and structure of communities 2

Process of succession

Neutralism

Commensalism

Predation

Microbial interaction

Synergism and antogonism

Parasitism

Air Pollution

Air Pollution, causes and effects 1

Air Pollution, causes and effects 2

Primary and secondary air pollutants

Air control pollution

Air quality standards

types of water pollution

water quality Management

Water quality standards

Soil Pollution

bacteriological sampling as analysis of soil quality

antibiotic producing microbes 1

antibiotic producing microbes 2

effects of soil pollution pesticides in soil environment and their effects

Control of soil pollution

Noise pollution 1

Noise pollution2

measurement of noise and indices

impact of noise on health

Climate Change

Climate Change

Water Resource Projects 1

Water Resource Projects 2

Water Resource Projects 3

National River Conservation Plan

Environmental Disaster

Solid Waste

Solid Waste Characteristics

Solid Waste Collection

Solid Waste Processing and Recovery

Disposal of Solid Waste

Biosafety- Introduction

Bioafety Guidelines 2

Basic and Essential Biosafety Equipments

Safety in Handling Genetically Modified Organisms 2

Safety in Handling Laboratory Animals 1

Safety in Handling Laboratory Animals 2

Geographical Indication 1

Geographical Indication 2

Biopiracy

carbon based materials

Microscopic methods

Special Nano materials

Natural: Inorganic origin:

Nano Structured materials

Electrophoresis setup

Heavy metal toxicity

Antimicrobial heavy metals

Antimicrobial Technologies

Green Algae

Seaweeds

structure of apothecium 1

structure of apothecium 2

Anatomy and Reproductive Structure of Bryophytes -Riccia

Anatomy and Reproductive Structure of Bryophytes -Porella

Anatomy and Reproductive Structure of Bryophytes -Funaria

Anatomy and Reproductive Structure of Pteridophytes - Lycopodium

Anatomy and Reproductive Structure of Pteridophytes - Equisetum

Anatomy and Reproductive Structure of Pteridophytes - Marselia

Anatomy and Reproductive Structure of Gymnosperm - Pinus

Anatomy and Reproductive Structure of Gymnosperm - Cycas

Anatomy and Reproductive Structure of Gymnosperm - Gnetum

biofertilizers

Isolation of Azotobacter

mass cultivation of bioinoculants

Arbuscular mycorrhizae types

impacts of application of biofertilizers on crop plants

Sterilization

Cultivation of bioinoculants

Media preparation

culture methods

Gram Staining

Staining

General symptoms

Symptoms and control measures for Bacterial disease

Fungal disease

Pathogenesis

Enzymes and Toxins

Defense mechanisms

Effect of infection on the physiology of the host plants

Preparation of pure culture

Gram staining

Mounting of Fungal phytopathogen

Classification of Algae

thallus organization

lines of evolution

life cycle patterns

economic importance of Algae

Oscillatoria

Nostoc

Volvox

Gracilaria

Alexopolous

Heterothallism

economic importance

Mycotoxins

Saprolegnia

Claviceps

Alternaria

Anatomical study of Agaricus

Lichens – dual nature

characteristics – classification

sexual – sexual reproduction

ecological importance

Usnea – Parmelia

Bryophytes

Classification

Alternation of generation

Evolution of sporophytes

Life cycle patterns

Economic importance

General characteristics

Riccia

Marchantia

Porella

Anthoceros

Funaria

General characteristics

Morphology and Anatomy of Pteridophytes

reproduction of Pteridophytes

life cycles in Pteridophytes

general characteristics of gymnosperms

Reproduction of Gymnosperms 1

Reproduction of Gymnosperms 2

life cycles – Gymnosperms

Evolutionary trends in Plant Diversity

fossil bryophytes

fossil pteridophytes

fossil gymnosperms

Mendelian ratio for Monohybrid

incomplete dominance and codominance

lethal genes

testing genetic ratios using chi square test

Epistasis

genes with cumulative effect

non-epistatic interaction

linkage

Crossing over

linked inheritance using pedigree chart – sex determination in plants

“iojap” gene in corn.

Multiple Allele

polygenic inheritance

Theories of Evolution

modern theory of evolution

Hardy-Weinberg law

Isolating mechanisms

Ergastic substances-Overview 1

Ergastic substances-Overview 2

Mitosis- onion root tip

Meiosis- bud

Polytene and lampbrush chromosomes

Protocol for isolation of genomic DNA

Genomic DNA

Protocol

Lab manual - Microbiology

Procedure, principle and methodology

Agarose gel electrophoresis

Procedure, principle and methodology

Lab manual - Microbiology

Secondary structure of dicot stem (Sunflower)

Secondary structure of dicot root (Bean)

Anamolous secondary growth 1

Anamolous secondary growth 2

Anamolous secondary growth 3

Microtome sectioning 1

Microtome sectioning 2

Hand sectioning 1

Hand sectioning 2

Microscopic observation of CS of anther (Datura)

Microscopic observation of pollen of flowers

Characteristics of Entrepreneur

Personality development

Women entrepreneurs in India

Women - Courage to face challenges

Planning and management

Financial planning

Marketing

Marketing strategy

CULTIVATION OF BUTTON MUSHROOM

CULTIVATION OF MILK MUSHROOM

FOOD PREPARATION WITH MUSHROOM-SOUP

FOOD PREPARATION WITH MUSHROOM-OMELETTE

PROPAGATION TECHNIQUE

BOUQUET & WREATH

ART FROM DRIED PLANT MATERILAS- DEMO

Secondary structure of plant parts

Wood anatomy

Temporary mounting

Maceration 1

Maceration 2

Epidermal peeling

Microtome

Mounting and Labeling 2

Fixation

Dehydration 1

Dehydration 2

Dehydration 3

Staining 1

Staining 2

Staining 3

Staining 4

Permanent mounting for light microscope

Preparation of serial section 2

Microsporangium

Microsporangium -Struture and Development

Megasporangium 1

Megasporangium 2

Structure and development

Ovule types

Embryo sac

Pollination 1

Pollination 2

Pollen storage 1

fertilization

Sexual incompatibility

Seed

Seed

Seed Development

Endosperm-Types & Function

Embryo Development

Apomixis

Sources of a research problem

Defining the problem

Evaluation

Proposal writing

Literature Collection

Sources of Data

Bibliography

Abstracting and Indexing

Thesis writing

Research journal

Plagiarism

Funding agencies of research

Citation index

Sampling techniques

Data Collection 1

Data Collection 2

Tabulation and Analysis of data 1

Tabulation and Analysis of data 2

Bar Diagram

Graphical representation of data

Interpretation of Data

Measurement of central tendency

Standard deviation and standard error

Introduction to Excel

Introduction to Excel -Basic functions

Data analysis

ANOVA, F test, Descriptive statistics, t-test, correlation and regression, softwares for Biostatistics

Vegetation biomass estimation

Bioinformatics

Biological database

The EMBL Nucleotide Sequence Database

Protein sequence database

SWISSPROT

SWISS Model

SWISS pdb viewer

RASMOL - visualization of proteins

Genome database

Multiple sequence allignment

Phylogenetic analysis

Multiple sequence allignment & ClustalW

PHYLIP

Structure of cell-Plant Cell

Structure of cell- Animal cell

cellwall – primary and secondary structure 1

cellwall – primary and secondary structure 2

cellwall – primary and secondary structure 3

Prokaryote – Eukaryote (Plant & Animal-review)1

Prokaryote – Eukaryote (Plant & Animal-review)3

Fluid Mosaic Model

Bilipid layer

Structure and Functions

nucleus 1

nucleus 2

chromosome

chromosome, structure

chromosome- Special Types 1

chromosome- Special Types 2

DNA- types 1

DNA- types 2

RNA Types 1

RNA Types 2

Cell cycle- Mitosis 1

Cell cycle- Mitosis 2

Cell cycle- Mitosis 3

Lysosome

dictyosome

Endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosome

Excretory Substances

Excretory Substances

Mitochondria

Mitochondria

Plastids

Chloroplast

DNA as genetic material 1

DNA as genetic material 2

DNA Replication in prokaryotes

DNA replication in Eukaryotes 1

DNA replication in Eukaryotes 2

DNA replication in Eukaryotes 3

Plasmids-Types and Properties

DNA Repair Mechanism

DNA Rolling circle model 1

DNA Rolling circle model 2

Enzmes-mechanism and regulatio

Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes 1

Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes 2

Regulation of gene expression

Alternate splicing of RNA

Genetic recombination in Bacteria

Translation

Properties of genetic code 1

Properties of genetic code 2

Wobble hypothesis

Post Translational Regulatory 1

Post Translational Regulatory 2

Gene regulation in prokaryotes

Gene regulation in eukaryotes

Lac operon